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00:00:00 – 00:10:07
The video provides a comprehensive guide on how to write electron configurations for elements using both standard and noble gas notations. It begins with a detailed explanation of the electron configuration for fluorine, highlighting the importance of understanding atomic numbers and electron sublevels (s, p, and d). The video explains how to sum the electrons to match fluorine's atomic number and employs helium for the noble gas notation ([He] 2s² 2p⁵).
The video then transitions to sulfur, where viewers are encouraged to practice by following the step-by-step listing of sub-levels and filling them according to sulfur's atomic structure (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴). The noble gas notation for sulfur is achieved using neon ([Ne] 3s² 3p⁴).
Next, the speaker covers cadmium, detailing how to build its electron configuration from the ground up to the fifth energy level, ultimately simplifying it using krypton as the noble gas ([Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰).
The speaker concludes by recommending further exploration of electron configuration problems, including notable exceptions like copper and chromium and configurations of ions, particularly transition metal ions. For more detailed explanations, viewers are directed to additional resources and encouraged to subscribe for more content.
00:00:00
In this part of the video, the focus is on writing the electron configuration of fluorine using noble gas notation. Key points include understanding the atomic number and the sublevels (s, p, and d), which can hold a specific number of electrons: 2, 6, and 10 respectively. The video explains how to sum the exponents to nine for fluorine starting with 1s, then 2s, and partially filling 2p to reach a total of 9 electrons. For the noble gas notation, the video identifies helium as the noble gas with an atomic number just under 9, using its configuration (1s²), and adding the remaining configuration for fluorine (2s²2p⁵) after helium. This results in the noble gas notation: [He] 2s² 2p⁵.
00:03:00
In this part of the video, the instructor walks through the process of writing the electron configuration for sulfur, emphasizing a practice-oriented approach. Viewers are encouraged to pause the video to attempt the exercise on their own. The instructor then describes the step-by-step process:
1. Listing sub-levels: 1s, 2s, 3s.
2. Filling according to the s and p orbitals up to the atomic number of 16 for sulfur.
3. Summarizing with 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ as the ground state electron configuration for sulfur.
Additionally, noble gas notation is introduced, identifying neon as the closest noble gas with an atomic number less than sulfur. Neon’s configuration (1s² 2s² 2p⁶) is used, followed by the remaining electrons for sulfur, resulting in the noble gas notation: [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴. The segment concludes with another example for further practice.
00:06:00
In this segment, the speaker discusses the electron configuration for the element cadmium, which is in the fifth row of the periodic table and has an atomic number of 48. They systematically build the electron configuration from the ground state, starting with 1s2 and progressing through 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, and so on, until reaching 5s2 and 4d10. The speaker then explains how to simplify this notation using the noble gas configuration, determining that krypton (with an atomic number of 36) is the appropriate noble gas to use. This simplifies the expression by replacing the electron configuration up to krypton, leaving the remaining configuration as 5s2 4d10.
00:09:00
In this part of the video, the speaker concludes the lesson on writing the electron configuration of cadmium using noble gas notation. They advise viewers to explore additional problems related to electron configuration, including exceptions like copper and chromium, as well as the configurations of ions, especially transition metal ions. The speaker mentions that more detailed explanations on these topics can be found in another video by searching for “electron configuration exceptions organic chemistry tutor” on YouTube. They end by encouraging viewers to subscribe if they found the video helpful.