This summary of the video was created by an AI. It might contain some inaccuracies.
00:00:00 – 00:10:49
The video delves into phonological processes, including assimilation, dissimilation, deletion, and insertion in sound changes. It highlights insertion, exemplified by changes in words like 'cart' to 'caught' in British English. Intrusive 'r' in British English, like in the word "car," and historical phonological shifts in Germanic languages are also discussed. The concept of voicing in linguistics, illustrated through examples like "is" becoming "voice," and diachronic examples showing sound changes over time round out the exploration. The video underscores how sounds evolve in languages through various phonological processes.
00:00:00
In this part of the video, the speaker introduces phonological processes which are ways sounds change. These changes can involve assimilation (sounds becoming more similar), dissimilation (sounds becoming less similar), deletion (sound being dropped), or insertion (sound being added). The focus is on insertion, where one or more sounds are added into a word or between words. Examples are provided, such as ‘cart’ in English becoming ‘caught’ in British English due to the deletion of the ‘R’. Insertion is highlighted as the opposite of deletion, where something is added.
00:03:00
In this part of the video, the speaker discusses the pronunciation of the word “car” in British English. In Received Pronunciation (RP), the R in “car” is typically silent unless it is followed by a vowel. The speaker explains the concept of intrusive R, where British English speakers insert an R sound between two vowels, even though it is not part of the word. This phenomenon is called intervocalic insertion and can lead to the pronunciation of phrases like “law and order” as “lawrandorder” in rapid speech. Intrusive R is distinct from pronouncing the R when it is actually part of the word, such as in “car.”
00:06:00
In this segment of the video, the speaker discusses intrusive ‘r’ in British English using the example of Mr. Krabs from SpongeBob pronouncing “formula” as “formular.” This is an example of intrusive ‘r’ at the end of words. The video then transitions to historical examples in Germanic languages, specifically the change from Germanic to Old English, citing the example of the word “often” undergoing phonological processes, including schwa insertion, ultimately changing to “oven” in Modern English. This demonstrates how words can undergo multiple phonological processes resulting in changes in pronunciation over time.
00:09:00
In this segment of the video, the speaker discusses the concept of voicing in linguistics, using examples such as the transformation of “is” to “voice” due to vowel voicing. The speaker also presents diachronic examples, including the evolution of the English word “school” borrowed into Yoruba becoming “iskool,” and the transformation of the Old Spanish word “aamna” to “hombre” in modern Spanish, demonstrating how certain sounds were inserted or assimilated over time.