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00:00:00 – 00:06:20
During the Middle Ages, particularly in the 1500s, new monarchs emerged seeking to consolidate power by reducing the influence of the church and nobles. Figures like Henry VIII, Mary Tudor, and Elizabeth I implemented top-down religious reforms to steer England toward Anglicanism. Monarchs consolidated power through tactics like establishing national taxes, bureaucracies, and determining their subjects' religion. This period saw the rise of commercial and professional groups enhancing political influence. The concept of the secular state, with diminished church influence, emerged, as seen in figures like Machiavelli advocating for republicanism. Monarchs ruled absolutely by divine right, acting as God's substitutes, shaping political landscapes during this transformative era.
00:00:00
In this segment of the video, the focus is on the shift in power dynamics during the Middle Ages, particularly in the 1500s, with the rise of new monarchs who aimed to consolidate power under themselves. These new monarchs sought to reduce the influence of the church and nobles. Henry VIII of England is highlighted as an example, showcasing how he consolidated power through top-down religious reforms, such as making himself head of the Church of England. The video also touches on subsequent rulers like Mary Tudor and Elizabeth I, who continued steering England toward Anglicanism (Protestantism) through top-down religious reforms, such as the Act of Uniformity.
00:03:00
In this segment of the video, it is discussed how new monarchs consolidated power through various means. This included establishing national taxes, creating bureaucracies to collect taxes and enforce laws, and determining the religion of their subjects (Catholic or Protestant). Specific examples such as Ferdinand and Isabella in Spain and the Concordat of Bologna in France were mentioned. The rise of commercial and professional groups, such as merchants and bankers, also increased their political influence during this time. Additionally, the concept of the secular state, where the church had little political influence, emerged during this period, with figures like Machiavelli advocating republicanism.
00:06:00
In this segment of the video, the speaker discusses a historical period where monarchs ruled absolutely and by divine right, acting as substitutes for God. Viewers are encouraged to check out the playlist for unit one and a review pack for AP European History to ace their class and exam. The speaker signs off as “heimler.”