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00:00:00 – 00:05:57
The video discusses the new ideologies that drove the second wave of imperialism from 1750 to 1900. Key points include the emergence of nationalism, scientific racism, and Social Darwinism, leading to imperialism. Nationalism influenced the unification of Italy and Germany and fueled imperial rivalries. Scientific racism sought to justify white superiority through practices like phrenology, while Social Darwinism argued that the fittest nations should dominate. The civilizing mission portrayed Western societies as duty-bound to bring civilization to others through colonialism and imposition of Christianity. These ideologies collectively shaped the second wave of imperialism.
00:00:00
In this segment of the video, the presenter discusses the new ideologies that fueled a second wave of imperialism from 1750 to 1900. The key points include the emergence of four major ideologies: nationalism, characterized by a sense of commonality among a people for self-rule; the impact of nationalism on historical developments and imperial ventures; scientific racism, which ranks humans hierarchically based on race; and the introduction of science into racist arguments for colonization. Additionally, the presenter highlights the influence of nationalism on the unification of Italy and Germany and its role in fueling imperial rivalries for larger territories.
00:03:00
In this segment of the video, the speaker explains how scientific racism emerged during the period of new imperialism. Scientific racists attempted to classify humanity based on race, using practices like phrenology to justify the superiority of the white race. They believed that the larger skulls of white people proved their superiority, justifying European imperial projects. The video also introduces the ideology of Social Darwinism, which applied Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human societies. Social Darwinists believed that the fittest nations should dominate others, leading to the justification of colonialism. Additionally, the concept of the civilizing mission was discussed, portraying Western societies’ duty to bring their civilization to “lower civilizations” through colonization, imposition of Christianity, and suppression of indigenous culture. These ideologies collectively fueled the second wave of imperialism.